Sanitationworkers are integral to maintaining public health in urban settings through vital services such as waste collection, cleaning of streets, and sewer maintenance. Despite the essential nature of their work, these workers are routinely exposed to a multitude of hazards—ranging from physical and chemical to biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial. Inadequate enforcement of safety regulations, limited use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and societal marginalization further aggravate their risks. This paper critically examines the occupational dangers faced by sanitation workers in Indian urban municipalities, evaluates existing interventions, and offers evidence-based recommendations aimed at improving their working conditions, health, and dignity.