Optimization methodologies constitute the cornerstone of modern scientific discovery, engineering innovation, and decision-making processes across diverse domains. As computational capabilities expand and problem complexity intensifies, the field of optimization continues to evolve at an unprecedented pace. This review synthesizes recent advancements and paradigm shifts in optimization research, examining how novel algorithms, interdisciplinary approaches, and emerging technologies are reshaping solution strategies for increasingly complex challenges. The accelerated development is evidenced by the fact that over 300 new metaheuristic methodologies have emerged within the last decade, reflecting the field's vigorous expansion (Selvarajan, 2024).